关键词: 缺血性脑损伤, 内源性神经干细胞, 神经干细胞移植, 神经发生

Abstract: Ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality in adults. Two main strategies are adopted for the treatment of ischemic brain injury with neural stem cells: activating endogenous neural stem cells and transplanting exogenous neural stem cells. Endogenous neural stem cells primarily reside in specific neurogenic niches of the brain and respond to cerebral injury. A large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that signaling pathways including Wnt, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Notch and Eph mediate the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after brain damage. Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation facilitates functional recovery following brain injury via cell replacement, neuroprotection, immunomodulation and paracrine effects. This article reviews the research progress of various signaling pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after ischemic brain injury, and summarizes the potential therapeutic mechanisms of neural stem cell transplantation for ischemic brain injury, aiming to provide new insights for the application of neural stem cell therapy in ischemic brain injury.

Key words: ischemic brain injury, endogenous neural stem cell, neural stem cell transplantation, neurogenesis